shield Business Logic Flaw · $1M loss

Forensic report: Level business logic flaw cost $1M (May 2023)

On May 2023, Level was exploited in a business logic flaw, resulting in approximately $1M in losses. That makes the Level exploit the 86th largest DeFi incident out of 690 documented in our archive.

Attack Mechanics: How the Level Business Logic Flaw Played Out

Exploit Class Applied to Level

The Level incident on May 2, 2023 is classified as a Business Logic Flaw. A business-logic bug in the contract — such as an incorrect formula or missing state update — lets the attacker withdraw more than their share. In the full archive, Level is 1 of 144 documented business logic flaw incidents.

Level in Context

At $1M, the Level exploit is a significant ($1M–$10M) event compared to the largest same-class incident in our archive — – EulerFinance (2023) at $200M.

Prior Business Logic Flaw Before Level

The nearest business logic flaw incident before Level was Silo finance, 5 days earlier on April 27, 2023. The same exploit class surfaced again within the business logic flaw attack surface.

Impact & Recovery for Level

Level Loss Figure

The Level exploit caused $1,000,000 in losses — a significant ($1M–$10M) incident and the 31st largest of 214 documented in 2023. This single incident represents 0.2% of all tracked losses that year.

Where Level Sits Among Business Logic Flaw Attacks

Ranked by loss size, Level is the 15th largest of 144 business logic flaw incidents documented. That puts the Level loss below the class average of $6.08M.

Timeline Since the Level Incident

The Level exploit occurred 3 years ago (1,078 days). The contract, its fork-block, and the attack transaction remain on-chain and forensically reproducible.

Primary Reference for Level

Public post-mortem / on-chain analysis for the Level incident: view source.

FAQ

How much did Level lose?

The Level exploit in May 2023 resulted in $1,000,000 in losses — the 31st largest of 214 DeFi incidents that year.

When did the Level hack happen?

The Level exploit was recorded on May 2, 2023 — 1,078 days ago.

What type of exploit hit Level?

The Level incident is classified as a Business Logic Flaw. A business-logic bug in the contract — such as an incorrect formula or missing state update — lets the attacker withdraw more than their share.

How common is the Business Logic Flaw pattern seen at Level?

Our archive contains 144 documented business logic flaw incidents. The Level incident is one of them.

How does Level compare to the largest Business Logic Flaw attack?

The largest business logic flaw incident in our archive is – EulerFinance (2023) at $200M. The Level loss is $1M.

How are green bonds perceived in terms of investment?

As a tool that contributes to value creation and attracts investors.

What are the benefits of blockchain in serious games, as mentioned in the document?

Benefits include enhanced data security, fraud prevention, transparent access to game mechanics, and true digital asset ownership.