shield Reentrancy · $3.65M loss

– dForce Hack: How $3.65M Was Lost in a Reentrancy (2023)

On February 2023, – dForce was exploited in a reentrancy, resulting in approximately $3.65M in losses. That makes the – dForce exploit the 52nd largest DeFi incident out of 690 documented in our archive.

Attack Mechanics: How the – dForce Reentrancy Played Out

Exploit Class Applied to – dForce

The – dForce incident on February 10, 2023 is classified as a Reentrancy. A malicious contract re-enters a vulnerable function before state is updated, letting it drain funds multiple times. In the full archive, – dForce is 1 of 51 documented reentrancy incidents.

– dForce in Context

At $3.65M, the – dForce exploit is a significant ($1M–$10M) event compared to the largest same-class incident in our archive — Curve (2023) at $41M.

Prior Reentrancy Before – dForce

The nearest reentrancy incident before – dForce was – Orion Protocol, 7 days earlier on February 3, 2023 ($3M lost). The same exploit class surfaced again within the reentrancy attack surface.

– dForce Vulnerability Signature

The primary source categorises the – dForce exploit specifically as “Read-Only-Reentrancy”. This narrower label is entity-specific: it reflects how the – dForce contract failed, rather than the broad reentrancy pattern alone.

Impact & Recovery for – dForce

– dForce Loss Figure

The – dForce exploit caused $3,650,000 in losses — a significant ($1M–$10M) incident and the 15th largest of 214 documented in 2023. This single incident represents 0.6% of all tracked losses that year.

Where – dForce Sits Among Reentrancy Attacks

Ranked by loss size, – dForce is the 4th largest of 51 reentrancy incidents documented. That puts the – dForce loss above the class average of $2.87M.

Timeline Since the – dForce Incident

The – dForce exploit occurred 3.2 years ago (1,159 days). The contract, its fork-block, and the attack transaction remain on-chain and forensically reproducible.

Primary Reference for – dForce

Public post-mortem / on-chain analysis for the – dForce incident: view source.

FAQ

How much did – dForce lose?

The – dForce exploit in February 2023 resulted in $3,650,000 in losses — the 15th largest of 214 DeFi incidents that year.

When did the – dForce hack happen?

The – dForce exploit was recorded on February 10, 2023 — 1,159 days ago.

What type of exploit hit – dForce?

The – dForce incident is classified as a Reentrancy. A malicious contract re-enters a vulnerable function before state is updated, letting it drain funds multiple times.

How common is the Reentrancy pattern seen at – dForce?

Our archive contains 51 documented reentrancy incidents. The – dForce incident is one of them.

How does – dForce compare to the largest Reentrancy attack?

The largest reentrancy incident in our archive is Curve (2023) at $41M. The – dForce loss is $3.65M.

What publication trend was observed for articles related to humanitarian supply chains and I4.0?

A gradual increase over time, with a peak in research interest in 2022.

What is the significance of adaptor signatures in the proposed protocol?

They enable the construction of secret transmission channels for cross-chain transactions.